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Boxing History

When Malcolm x in prison

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Malcolm X

Taken from the works of Patrick Parr, author of three books, recently Malcolm before X.

On February 25, 1964, Malcolm X, 38, suspended in the Nation of Islam, sat in a row 7, headquarters 7, watching Cassius Clay fights with the Sonny Poston to the heavyweight championships. The rain was hit by a half -filled congress hall in Miami, and many, especially boxing media surrounding the ring, believed that Clay would lose.

Malcolm knew differently.

The complicated friendship between Malcolm X and Cassius Clay – devastating after the fight, Clay officially changed his name to Muhammad Ali – it was described in books, films and documents, but it is ignored for a long time how many experiences Ring had Malcolm.

Starting from childhood, Malcolm Little imitated his brother Philbert and participated in Golden Gloves duels, often losing. In Malcolm’s autobiography from 1965, through the interpretation of Alex Haley, he described that he was knocked out by the white 13-year-old Bill Peterson. “This white boy was the beginning and end of my fight career.”

If you don’t count the prison, then it was …

Malcolm’s prison years have not been documented much. This is understandable because what happens behind the prison walls is complex to verify. But thanks to the combination of prison files, prison newspapers, interviews and visits to the site, I was able to find a lot of Malcolm behind the bars about six and half a year. One very compelling fact that can now be verified is that during its 15-month period in Massachusetts-Reformators at Concord (1947-1948) Malcolm with three different warriors. In fact, there is even a rounding analysis for each fight.

Malcolm prison x

Men from MR-Concord organized the “Monday Night Club box”, took place periodically throughout the year, but mainly from January to April, at 19.00 at Tufts Hall Mr-Concord, named after the first superintendent of the Gardiner Tufts prison and the “Under the under the under the under the chapel.” Usually six or seven or seven three-rounds were planned in weight classes.

The event was organized by imprisoned men. There were two judges in the bell, three judges and an announcer. There was even a reporter in prison, 23-year-old Pennsylvania, William Paul Williams, documenting each fight, and his accounts became part of MR-Concord’s Our paper.

On February 3, 1947, less than a month after the ring from archaic hell.

Malcolm x
Malcolm x

In Charlestown, Malcolm did not have a good chance of activity, forced to spend 17.5 hours a day in a 6 x 9 cell. Now, in Concord, he had the right gym and equipment for operate. His opponent that night was Robert D. Nash, 20 years aged. Nash weighed 180 and Malcolm 176.

Opponent No. 1 – Robert D. Nash

According to the prison acts, Nash was black and lived in “needy and colorful” sections in Lynn in Massachusetts, the second of the oldest of ten siblings. His mother gave birth to him at the age of 16, and his parents separated when he was 17. Nash abandoned the school in the middle of seventh grade, but continued his classes in the “Faculty of Arts” of the “Public School” because his teachers believed his talent for “sketching”.

Nash worked with Malcolm for several months in the MR-Concord furniture department. He received a five -year sentence for driving a motor vehicle without authorization, after his “right to” was “suspended”.

For his “free” in prison, Nash read “Current magazines” such as LifeIN Digestion of the reader AND Collier’sHe dealt with wood sculpture and regularly participated in Catholic Services. His mother explained to the prison official that “Robert liked to dance and sing. He was very expert in both. His habits are to familiarize himself with all the latest songs. “

It is fully how Williams prison reporter saw the three round of Malcolm’s fight with Nash: “Nash took left stabs with Little, and then replied with a law that did not cause any damage. Little rolled up strongly in the second, and they both threw featherlight stabs. It lasted throughout the entire final round, which is why the blows had a compact or no effect on the second in the bell. ”

The winner was not reported in the newspaper unless Ko or TKO occurs.

Opponent No. 2 – Frank R. Willis

A week later, Malcolm returned to him, his opponent Frank R. Willis, 22 years aged, White and three days after dismissal on conditional release.

Willis was the only name of the three in the general list of 1950, which confirmed that it was white. According to the long act of Willis’s prison, Willis’s father died when he was two years aged, and abandoned the 7th grade to lend a hand his mother, but soon fell into a “gangster” named Ranahan, known for being an intimidating “prize warrior”.

After the conviction of Willis at the age of 19 for “using a car without authority”, Willis’s mother was in a sense with a relief. She thought the prison was a good way to escape from gangsters’ influence, and Willis hoped that he would join Marines to support his mother, while avoiding Ranuhan’s influence.

This Monday evening at Tufts Hall Willis knocked gloves with Malcolm weighed 175, while Malcolm remained 176 for fighting.

For Malcolm, the fight turned out to be more complex than NASH’s fight a week earlier.

Per Williams: “Willis stuck a lion. And Little’s head and body rights in the opening round. Delicate stabs hit their footsteps, and then little associated with demanding blows to Willis’s head. In the second little one he caught Willis with three stabs in his head at the bell. The last one saw the Aggressor Willis when he fired repetitive left and right to his head and body. He was still not still stabbing until the last bell. “

Looking at his own act of Malcolm prison, medical reports show that he receives “wounding” treatment at the chin on February 11. Most likely Willis landed a shot, which cut Malcolm and left a scar ½ at the bottom of the chin.

Opponent #3 – Floyd Johnston

Malcolm took a few months free after the fight of Willis, but on April 28 he entered the Tufts Hall ring six pounds heavier to fight with 21-year-old Floyd Johnston, who came at 180.

Johnston’s prison file states that he was black and worked as a dishwasher and a farm before prison. He was accused of five cases of robbery, stealing money from five different people and sentenced to five years. During free time, Johnston read “Sports and Adventure Stories” and played football and baseball, participating in the Concord school program “Four Nights a week” – ended the 8th grade – and sometimes participated in Protestant services.

Johnston also worked in a furniture store for three months, which meant that at some point he would work near Malcolm.

As you read, the fight was definitely for Malcolm, the most punishing of three.

According to Williams: “Johnston recovered after a snail-paced start, when he released Savage in a second, who fell on the number of 7 saved by the bell. Again, in the third, it didn’t matter at 7, but he recovered and went more or less in a defensive way. ”

At least as described in Our paperMalcolm did not fight again on Monday evenings at Concord after Johnston was knocked twice. On April 29, 1947, the day after his brutal fight, Malcolm was written for wearing a handmade six -inch blade or “shiv”. This was indeed possible because MR-Concord was known because younger men became aggressive, and the average age was 21 years. Or maybe Malcolm still had a beef with Johnston. The prison file has no full history.

Malcolm X and Muhammad Ali
Malcolm X and Muhammad Ali

Blades forward at 17 years, and there was Malcolm, taking part in the fight against clay with a acute sense of what had to be a warrior. He prayed with clay just before the fight and helped him strengthen. “With the exception of all chemicals that got into the eyes of Cassius and temporarily blinded him in the fourth and fifth round,” explained Malcolm: “The fight went according to plan. [Clay] Listona avoids powerful blows. The third round automatically began to tire the aging Liston, who was too trained to pass only two rounds. Then, desperately, the poston lost. The secret of one of the greatest struggle in history was a few months before that night, Clay thought about the list. “

Shortly after the fight, Clay pushed the influence of Malcolm, winning the side of Elijah Muhammad, which he would later like to pick up. As he explained 40 years later in his autobiography, Butterfly soul“Turning away from Malcolm was one of the mistakes I regret the most in my life.” Ali not only turned away from a friend and mentor, but also a man who understood the courage she entered the ring. “He was a visionary – AUE of all of us.”

Adapted with Malcolm before X, published by the University of Massachusetts Press. Patrick Parr is the author of three books, recently Malcolm before X. He is an English professor at Lakeland Japan University and lives with his wife near Tokyo.

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Boxing History

An unusual return that made the oldest Olympic champion Dick Gunna

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Dick Gunn

Sata of the seventies were a fantastic era for domestic boxing, but, to be forthright, they were not so good for fashion (I know, I was there). It seems that they have just left the Bond Street boutique, we can see the brothers Chris and Kevin Finnegan look particularly elegant. Between them and much more reasonably dressed is their amateur trainer, Dick Gunn. There is probably not many now who remembers Dick, but as a coach in Hayes BC, where the Finnegan brothers put their mark for the first time, he was a first -class coach. Dick had one professional duel, in Rochester Casino in 1949, and because it did not go well for him, he decided to concentrate his energy in the gym, and that he did it because he was largely responsible for Chris Finnegan, he won gold at the 1968 Olympics.

Dick could draw on his family experiences when it comes to the Olympic Games, because he was a descendant of the oldest boxing master in the history of Master and three -time featherweight master ABA, a man of the same name, Dick Gunna. Ancient Dick won ABA titles in the following years between 1894 and 1896 during boxing for Lynn BC. It wasn’t until 12 years later, in 1908, he won gold at the Olympic Games in London with the same weight. Until then, he was 37 years senior and was withdrawn from the ring for many years.

He was one of the members of the founder Lynn and what club turned out to be. Matt Wells, Dave McCleave, Terry Waller, Billy Wells, Billy Knight, Gary Davidson and Henry Akinwande are among the outstanding ones who learned trading in the club. He won the first of his ABA titles in 1894, when the boxing took place at Ancient Queens Hall at Langham Street, Westminster. His colleague from the club Percy Jones took the title of Bantamweight this year, and until 1896 each of them managed to win the hat-trick of ABA titles at their weights, and Lynn really left its trail. In the real amateur sporting spirit of those times and after he dominated the featherweight division over these three years, Dick – at the age of only 25 – withdrew from the ring to give other boxers a chance to win the amateur championships. He really believed that sports was not good so that one man would not win the same title, so he became an administrator, helping in various ways in his beloved club.

In 1904 he moved to Gainsford BC, where he often took part in exhibition competitions. One of them took place at the National Sporting Club, when he took over three rounds with the British featherweight champion, the Great Jim Driscoll. When the 1908 Olympics were announced in London, Dick could not resist the idea of ​​returning so that he could take part. The whole generation of youthful people, equally determined to create a team, probably had no idea about his skills and achievements, because Dick was about 15 years older than most of them.

He trained persistently in Gainsford and created a team with four other British participants among 14 fields. He sent the Frenchman in the opening competition, and then defeated the prevailing champion Abb Tom Ringer, another Lynn Man, in the second.

After receiving a farewell in the initial round, these two victories were enough to put him in the final in which he met Charley Morris from the polytechnic BC. Ancient Dick knew too much for his younger opponent and in patted him for three rounds to take gold.

Then Dick became an amateur judge for many years before he finally bowed as time rates. In this character he appeared at another London Olympic Games, in 1948 Dick became the vice president of ABA before his death in 1961, at the age of 90. Each Dick Gunn has made a significant contribution to the Olympic boxing in Great Britain.

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Boxing History

The story of a forgotten British master

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British champion Bandsman Blake

100 years ago, the career of one of the earliest British medium weight masters came to an end when the Jack Blake team was knocked out in the second round of the competition in the ring, Blackfriars by Albert Rogers from Mitcham.

It was his 62nd professional professional who dates back to 1910. Blake maintained the title of British middleweight in 1916–1918, when he won and then lost to Pat O’keefe from Canning Town. Because the country was in the war, Blake did not have the right opportunity to earn a master, and the loss in the rematch with O’keefe was his first defense. Perhaps Blake is best remembered for his competition, in 1914, together with the British heavyweight champion, Bombardier Billy Wells, in a 20-round competition for the Wells title at London Palladium in Soho. This fight took place two years before winning the title of medium weight, or at least on paper it would be more arduous to find a more pronounced example of mismatch.

Both Blake and Wells were the products of the system that many British champions produced at that time, because they both learned boxing in the army, and when they were released, both men soon was awarded as professionals. Blake drew the attention of the leading promoter Dick Burge, former British medium champion, and in March 1913 he fought at Burge, Ring, Blackfriars, for the first time. The ring was a leading boxing place in London until it was destroyed by Luftwaffe in 1942, and Burge was a man who put this place. Promising provincial boxers, like Blake, were often slammed by London’s best promoters for a 10-week contract, and that’s how Blake happened this year. He had 11 consecutive competitions in the ring between March and November 1913 and won the parking lot, most of them at a distance.

On Fresh Year, 1914, he met the celebrated American medium weight, Dixie Kid, in the 20th-round in the ring, and convincingly won the fight. This led to Burge’s enthusiasm that his promising charge became rather sanguine. Negotiations were opened to the competition with Georges Carpentier And with the leading Americans, Frank Klaus and George Chip, two men who have recently met in the world’s world. Much larger headlines appeared when Burge challenged Wells to meet his man in the field of British heavyweight title.

Many promoters were excited about this match, despite the lack of experience and the size of Blake, and the huge offers of the handbag flew there back before the match, which was finally secured by Burge, with an offer of 850 pounds, a huge character before the First World War. Wells was just stuck by Georges Carpentier in one round and there were huge assessments of questions over his ability to hit, especially in the body, and this has just believed that Blake could beat him. BN was less convinced: “Blake has not so far abolished the opponent who is endowed with the speed or force of the bombardier’s impact. Will he be able to, will he be ready to continue his aggressive and dynamic methods after he got acquainted with a few Billy’s hits?”

In this case, Blake took a very decent fight, and then succumbed to a greater man in four rounds. After entering the Ring, Wells looked nervous and took a real paste in the first round because of the Blake lock and energy. Blake ran points before Wells’s bodies began to tardy him down. Grace of the coup was delivered in the fourth round, leaving Blake spread to canvas, to the world.

After this fight, Blake wisely stuck to his weight class, and his British victory title in 1914 showed how good the warrior was. After retiring, he bought a huge property in his hometown, Great Yarmouth, where he became a swimming instructor. He died in 1961 at the age of 70.

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Boxing History

Boxing scoring was an eternal problem

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Pat Cowdell boxing scoring

In recent years, many criticism of significant competitions in Great Britain has appeared and it’s effortless to believe that this is a contemporary phenomenon. Many say that in “senior good times” everything worked well and we did not have these problems with something like a frequency that seems to be today. It wasn’t until 2005 that British Title Waste was captured by three judges before the judge was the only arbiter. As part of the senior system, I remember some debatable verdicts, but few of them caused the same number of arguments and debates as the decision made by judge Sid Nathan to Dave Needham against Pat Cowdell [above] In their competition from 1979 with the title of British featherweight.

I am lucky that I have all SID results cards in my collection, because they were given his son when Sid died in 2016, and they make quite fascinating reading, especially when they are compared with reports that appeared in the BN.

Bob Mee participated in the competition between Needham and Cowdell, which took place on September 18 at Civic Hall, Wolverhampton at the account promoted by Ron Gray. Bob informed: “Sid Nathan needed a police escort from Ringside after making the decision that Dave Needham overtook the local pretender Pat Cowdell to keep the title of British featherweight. When Nathan raised Needham’s arm at the end of fifteen bitter rounds, the crowd sold out. The crowded crowd went crazy. The soles, despite the soles, despite the soles, despite the error, despite the fact that despite the soles.

SID scored a competition to Needham until 147-146, which corresponds to 8-6-1 in rounds. Bob Mee won Cowdella in three rounds and was surprised by the verdict.

Two men were rivals from Midland and they were both endowed with amateurs. Cowdell was an Olympic representative in 1976, each of them was in the European championships and both won the gold medals of Commonwealth. Needham was only two years older than his rival, but he was much more experienced as a professional with 35 competitions behind him compared to 11. Bn Cowdella, who thought Cowdell would throw the fight with his stab, but also recognized that “Clash has all the features of a classic confrontation between the two most brilliant boxing exponents.”

Nathan’s results card reveals that the fight has fallen into three clear patterns. Cowdell won four of the first six rounds before Needham, and then won four in a row, winning seventh place to 10th. The last fifth was evenly widespread with winning two, winning two and ending rounds, gaining equal results. It was enough for Needham to keep his title.

The Bob Mee report reflected it quite carefully, but his main dispute with the official verdict concerns the first six rounds when he thought Cowdell was much more dominant. Regardless of the result, the competition met expectations, and thanks to Undercard, including Midland’s favorites Paul Chance, Mickey Baker and Roy Skeldon, it was an excellent boxing.

The management ordered an immediate rematch between two warriors, which took place at Royal Albert Hall seven weeks later. On the arranged card with the participation of Jim Watt in a successful defense of the title of WBC and Kevin Finnegan, beating Tony Sibson for the title of British medium weight, Cowdell stood a record, straightening Needham in over 15 high -quality rounds. This time the judge was Jim Brimmell, who fired for six to four or even five.

Dave Needham died 14 years ago, but Pat is still with us, one of the most talented boxers that I saw on the British ring.

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